THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHINESE ELITE ATHLETES / 营养学报

Objective: To study the nutritional status and problems of Chinese elite athletes for instructing training scientifically. Method: 599 elite athletes were investigated by means of dietary survey, physical measure and biochemical detection. Results: (1) The daily average energy intake reached the adequate intake (AI) recommended for athletes, but the energy ratio both of protein and fat higher, carbohydrate lower, being 18.9%, 38.6% and 42.5% respectively. Except vitamin A and B1, B2 the intakes of other vitamins and minerals were sufficient. (2) The average BMI and body fat percentage were 23.0?3.0 and (12.1?3.2)% in men and 21.9?3.0 and (20.5?3.9)% in women respectively. (3) The average hemoglobin levels were (145.7?13.3)g/L in men and (130.6?11.8)g/L in women. The rates of anemia and iron deficiency anemia were 12.6% and 5.2% respectively, female higher than male. (4)The hyperlipidemia rate was 22.3%, including 12.6% high TG, 9.7% high TC and 1.2% high LDL, female higher than male. (5) The rates of VB1 and VB2 insuficiency were 46.2% and 32.7% respectively, both including 9.6% deficiency. Conclusion: The nutritional status of Chinese elite athletes was good, but still with anemia, vitamin insufficiency and hyperlipidemia.

The effects of an instant haw beverage on lipid levels, antioxidant enzyme and immune function in hyperlipidemia patients / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effectiveness of an instant haw beverage in regulating lipid disturbance, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and immune function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data was collected from 60 hyperlipidemic subjects. In this crossover design, each subject randomly received either the instant haw beverage (100 ml corresponding to 3 g of haw powder or 30 g of fresh haw fruit plus the carrier-guar gum plus some starch) or placebo (guar gum 1.5 g plus some starch as the carrier of the beverage) twice daily. Each supplementation lasted 31 days with a 28-day washout period between treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The instant haw beverage significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (9.6%), triglyceride (12.1%), LDLC (18%) while significantly increased SOD activities (7.5%). The placebo was shown to have positive results in some of the lipid profiles, though the effects of the instant haw beverage demonstrated greater significance. Serum triglyceride levels were significantly decreased and SOD activity significantly increased only as subjects were supplemented with the instant haw beverage while no significant changes were seen with placebo.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Supplementation with the instant haw beverage positively affects blood lipid profile, antioxidant status and immune function in individuals with hyperlipidemia.</p>

Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Dietary Fat on the Formation of Atherosclerotic Plaque in ApoE-Deficient Mice / 中国运动医学杂志

To approach the effects of aerobic exercise anddietary fat on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, we have adopted the ApoE-gene knockout mice as the model to study the effects on an animal treadmill. The results show that the plaque area at the aortic sinuses of the exercised and low fat diet fed mice group were significantly reduced as comparing with the control group respectively. Mice of aerobic exercise and low fat diet combined treated group have the least lesion area of plaque as compared with the other groups. These results have indicated that either aerobic exercise or low fat diet is beneficial and effective to alleviate the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. However, aerobic combined with exercise can provide the greatest benefit in the alleviation of the formation of atherosclerotic plaque as compared with the single factor of either exercise or low fat diet.

STUDY ON THE METABOLISM AND SUPPLEMENTATION OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTES TO ATHLETES DURING THE PERIOD OF ACUTE WEIGHT-REDUCTION / 中国运动医学杂志

A field study on 24 weigbt--lifters and an experiment on rats imitating kuman acute food restrictionwere done in order to find out the metabolism of water and electrolytes during the acute weight-reductionperiod and the effect of appropriate supplementation. The results showed that food restriction caused very significant loss of the water and electrolytes withsigns of muscle cramp, dehydration, ketonuria etc. The experimental results in rats were observed duringfood restriction as following: 1. Serum potham and sodium decreased and the serum chloride and magnesium increased significantly. 2. Potassium and sodium contents of cardiac muscle were significantly lower than those of the control group,but potassium content of skeletal muscles was higber. 3. Blood lactic acid (3 minutes after running on a treadmill for half an hour ) was higber than thatbefote food restriction. Supplementation of appropriate minerals is beneficial to correct the above changes and keep the athletesfit and in good form.

STUDY ON THE PROTECTIVE MECHANISM OF ORGANIC ACIDS IN HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS / 营养学报

Objective: To examine the effects of four organic acids (OA), namely chlorogenic acid (CHA), ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA) and malic acid (MA), on monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and monocyte colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), as well as on antioxidant function in human vascular endothelial cells (EC). Methods: Original human umbilical vein EC were cultured and incubated for 12 h respectively with ox-LDL, in the presence of CHA, AA, CA and MA at different concentrations(10, 20, 40 mg/L), to study the protective effect on human vascular EC and its mechanism . Results: (1) TBARS value of oxLDL group was 14.85 times higher than that of normal LDL group which was not different with blank group. TBARS values of the OA+oxLDL group were lower at different extents when compared with ox-LDL group, showing dose-effect response. The inhibitory effects of CHA and AA were better than those of CA and MA. (2) MCP-1 and M-CSF of ox-LDL group were higher than those of blank group. Both MCP-1 and M-CSF of OA+ox-LDL groups statistically decreased when compared with ox-LDL group; MCP-1 and M-CSF of single CHA or AA (40 mg/L)group were lower than those of blank group respectively. Conclusion: The protective effects of OA on human vascular EC were contributed to their antioxidant activities, probably through MCP-1 and M-CSF .

EFFECT OF ZINC ON THE FUNCTION OF IMMUNE CELLS IN VITRO / 营养学报

The spleno-and thyme-lymphocytes of mice were cultured in the media with various concentrations of zinc. The results showed that zinc acted as a weak mitogen and stimulating lymphocyte proliferation at 0.12-0.5? 10-4 mol/L. It also enhanced the lymphocyte proliferation to Con A and LPS. The optimal concentration was 0.12?10-4mol/L. It enhanced the MLR of spleno-lym-phocyte and increased the responsive ability of thymocyte to IL-1. Zinc was poisonous to cells at concentrations higher than 1.0 ?10-4mol/L.

EFFECT OF HAWTHORN ON HUMAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS / 营养学报

Objective: To examine the protective effect and its mechanism of hawthorn on human vascular endothelial cells. [WT5HZ]Methods: [WT5BZ]Original human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) were cultured, and the changes of cell morphology, cell growth condition, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released from cells, monocyte (MC) adhesion to EC, and thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) were measured when ECs were incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL,100 mg/L) in the presence or not of hawthorn, as well as with hawthorn alone at three different doses (25,50,100 mg/L). [WT5HZ]Results: [WT5BZ]ECs survival rate of oxLDL group was lower (P